Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst., Linnaea 28: 274 (1857)

https://media.e-taxonomy.eu/palmae/photos/palm_tc_138073_2.jpg

Content

Distribution

Map uses TDWG level 3 distributions (https://github.com/tdwg/wgsrpd)

Bolivia present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Brazil North present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Colombia present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Costa Rica present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Ecuador present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Panamá present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Peru present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Venezuela present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Widespread in tropical South America and Central America, below 1000 m elevation. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A

Description

Understorey or subcanopy palm. Stems clustered, often numerous, to 15 m tall and 10-20 cm in diameter. Leaves spreading, ca. 5 m long, forming a globose crown; pinnae 50-100 on each side, more or less horizontal, regularly inserted, or in the central part of the blade arranged in groups of 2-4, usually paler below than above, the central ones to 1 m long. Inflorescence once branched, with a short rachis, and numerous pendulous, to 70 cm long branches. Fruits elongate or ovoid, purple when ripe, pointed at apex, 2-3 cm long. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A

Use Record

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: "Cinamillo" (Oenocarpus mapora), palmera cuyas raíces son utilizadas como hipoglicemiantes. (Silva, H., and J. García 1997: La Medicina Tradicional en Loreto)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Medicinal and Veterinary Endocrine system Root Mestizo N/A Peru
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Alimentación humana. Fruto y yema apical. (Rios, M., and J. Caballero 1997: Las plantas en la alimentación de la comunidad Ahuano, Amazonía ecuatoriana)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Quichua Ecuador
Human Food Beverages Palm heart Indigenous Quichua Ecuador
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Alimentación. (Ortiz, R. 1994: Uso, conocimiento y manejo de lagunos recursos naturales en el mundo Yucuna (Mirití-Paraná, Amazonas, Colombia).)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Yucuna Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Medicinal and Veterinary	Endocrine system	Root	Mestizo	N/A	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Yucuna	Colombia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Alimentación. Fruto. Combustible. Tronco, hoja. Cestería. Hoja. Cría de larvas. Tronco. Piezas de caza que la especie atrae. Cebus apella, Penelope sp. (Morcote-Ríos, G., G. Cabrera-Becerra et al. 1998: Las palmas entre los grupos cazadores-recolectores de la Amazonia colombiana)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Animal Food	Wildlife attractant	Not specified	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Fuel	Firewood	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Other	N/A	Stem	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Fuel	Firewood	Stem	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Alimenticio. Frutos. Palmito. Bebidas. Construcción. Techos. Paredes/Horcones. Aceite. (Paniagua Zambrana, N.Y. 2001: Guía de plantas útiles de la comunidad de San José de Uchupiamonas)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Other	N/A	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Alimento. Fruto. Techado. Hoja. Construcción. Tallo. (Cerón, C.E. 1995: Etnobiología de los Cofanes de Dureno, provincia de Sucumbíos, Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Construction	Houses	Stem	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Alimento-aceite techos-vivienda. Frutos-semillas, hojas estípite. (García Cossio, F., Y.A. Ramos, J.C. Palacios, and A. Ríos 2002: La familia Arecaceae, recurso promisorio para la economía en el Departamento del Chocó)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Oils Fruits Not identified N/A Colombia
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Not identified N/A Colombia
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Arcos. (Romanoff, S., D. Manquid, F. Shoque, and D.W. Fleck 2004: La vida tradicional de los Matsés)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Utensils and Tools Hunting and fishing Stem Indigenous Matsés Peru
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Cayapas. Leaf rachis fibers for weaving baskets. (Barfod, A. & H. Balslev 1988: The use of palms by the Cayapas and Coaiqueres on the Coastal plain of Ecuador)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Utensils and Tools Domestic Leaf rachis Indigenous Cayapa Ecuador

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Stem	Indigenous	Matsés	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Cayapa	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Comestible, construcción de casas, tintoreo y en las fiestas de carnavales. (Albán, J. 1994: La mujer y las plantas útiles silvestres en la comunidad Cocama-Cocamilla de los ríos Samiria y Marañon.)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Cultural	Ritual	Not specified	Indigenous	Cocama	Peru
Human Food	Food	Not specified	Indigenous	Cocama	Peru
Construction	Houses	Not specified	Indigenous	Cocama	Peru
Cultural	Dyes	Not specified	Indigenous	Cocama	Peru

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Comestible. Fruto. El mesocarpo es consumido crudo o preparando "leche" Cultural. Hoja. Trenzarla cuando los cazadores se pieden a modo de pasatiempo. Leyenda Utensilios y herr. uso doméstico. Hoja. Parte externa del peciolo utilizada para hacer canastas para lavar la almendra, y cribas para maíz o arroz en el proceso de elaboración de la "chicha" Medicinal. Fruto. La "leche" extraida del fruto se toma frente a la fiebre Construcción. Hoja. Empleada en el techado de viviendas y campamentos temporales Otros usos. Hoja. Se utiliza para cubrir depósitos de arroz Cultural. Hoja. Empleada para hacer "casas de duentes" Construcción. Estípite. Empleado en los postes de las viviendas (Macía, M.J. 2004: Multiplicity in palm uses by the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Cultural	Recreational	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Construction	Bridges	Stem	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Medicinal and Veterinary	Not specified	Fruits	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: De los frutos se prepara una bebida refrescante. (Chávez, F. 1996: Estudio preliminar de la familia Arecaceae (Palmae) en el Parque Nacional del Manu (Pakitza y Cocha Cashu))
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Beverages Fruits Not identified N/A Peru
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Edible fruit. (Phillips, O.L. 1993: The potential for harvesting fruits in tropical rainforests: new data from Amazonian Peru)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Mestizo N/A Peru
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Edible fruits, crushed stems yield brown or white dye. Present in young fallows. (Denevan, W., and J.M. Treacy 1987: Young managed Fallows at Brillo Nuevo)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Cultural Dyes Stem Indigenous Bora Peru
Environmental Agroforestry Entire plant Indigenous Bora Peru
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Bora Peru
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: El fruto es utilizado por los nukak como alimento, machacando el exocarpio para extraer su jugo y producir chicha. (Cárdenas, D., and Politis, G.G. 2000: Territorio, movilidad, etnobotánica y manejo del bosque de los Nukak Orientales)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Beverages Fruits Indigenous Nukak Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Cultural	Dyes	Stem	Indigenous	Bora	Peru
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Indigenous	Bora	Peru
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Bora	Peru

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: El fruto sometido a maceración en agua caliente es comestible ingiriendo el mesocarpo solo o batido con agua y azúcar. Del cogollo fresco se extrae un palmito que se consume crudo o cocido. El jaibaná o médico tradicional usa las hojas para llamar a los espíritus en los rituales y cantos; estas, también se utilizan para techar las viviendas. Las estipes se usan como bases o pilares sobre los cuales se construyen las casas o palafitos. Los frutos maduros cuando caen en el suelo los consume la tatabra (Tayassu tajacu) y el conejo (Agouti paca), circunstancia esta, que aprovechan los cazadores para obtener carne. (Caballero, M.R. 1995: La etnobotánica en las comunidades negras e indígenas del delta del Río Patía)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Medicinal and Veterinary	Cultural diseases and disorders	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Not specified	Colombia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Animal Food	Wildlife attractant	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: El raquis de las hojas y los nervios primarios de las pinnas, son utilizados para tejer canastos. El mesocarpio de los frutos, al igual que los del milpesos (Oenocarpus bataua) y el otro milpesillo de la región ( Oenocarpus bacaba), son ricos en aceite, y se utilizan para consumir directamente, después de un ligero cocimiento, o para hacer " leche" o "chicha". (Galeano, G. 1992: Las palmas de la región de Araracuara)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: El tronco se usa para confeccionar bodoqueras y lanzas. El pecíolo de las hojas jóvenes es usado para tejer cedazos que sirven para cernir la chucula de " chontaduro" Bactris gasipaes. Los frutos cocidos son comestibles. (Cerón, C.E. 1995: Etnobiología de los Cofanes de Dureno, provincia de Sucumbíos, Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Cofán	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Cofán	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Stem	Indigenous	Cofán	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Es shimbi muyu, se come el mesocarpo de los frutos maduros cocinados así como se preparan los de ungurahua. Es posible comer el palmito. (Ponce, M. 1992: Etnobotánica de palmas de Jatun Sacha)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Quichua Ecuador
Human Food Food Palm heart Indigenous Quichua Ecuador
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Fruit eaten. Fruit. Post. Trunk. (Kvist, L., M.K. Andersen, J. Stagegaard, M. Hesselsoe, and C. Llapapasca 2001: Extraction from woody plants in flood plain communities in Amazonian Peru: use, choice, evaluation and conservation status of resoruces)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Mestizo N/A Peru
Construction Houses Stem Mestizo N/A Peru

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Fruit, mesocarp. Wood for construction. Domestic artifacts & handicrafts.(…). For example, many of the residents of the villages studied weave baskets and sieves using the outer layer of the rachis of the leaves of Oenocarpus mapora and Astrocaryum jauari, or the petioles of Mauritia flexuosa. The latter species also serves for making large screens which are used as floor mats or temporary dividers in the home.(…). The fruits of Jessenia bataua (Mart.) Burret (Mejia 0033), known locally as "ungurahui," are also consumed after being left to soak for several hours in warm water. The most important use of the fruits, however, is to prepare a thick, oily beverage or "chapo." Although of lesser importance, the fruits of Oenocarpus mapora Karsten (Mejia 01 09) and Euterpe precatoria Mart. (Mejia 01 19) are also made into chapo. (…). The trunk of Oenocarpus mapora is sometimes used as a house post. In the construction of secondary or temporary buildings, the use of the trunks of Jessenia bataua has also been observed. The floors of village houses are commonly made from the beaten trunk of Iriartea deltoidea, Dictyocaryum sp. (Mejia 0065), known locally as "pona colorada" and Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) Wendl. (Mejia 0121) or "cashapona." (Mejía, K. 1992: Las palmeras en los mercados de Iquitos)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Mestizo	N/A	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Mestizo	N/A	Peru
Construction	Houses	Stem	Mestizo	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Mestizo	N/A	Peru

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Fruits. Beverage. Thatching. Walls. Oils. (Moraes, M., J. Sarmiento,and E. Oviedo 1995: Richness and uses in a diverse palm site in Bolivia)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Not specified	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Other	N/A	Not specified	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Fruto (Crudo, cocido). Alimento. Fruto. Atractivo para las presas de caza. Hoja. Cestería. Tronco. Hoja. Combustible. Tronco. Cría de mojojoy. Regeneración en campamentos abandonados. (Cabrera, G., C. Franky, and D. Mahecha 1999: Los nukak: nómadas de la Amazonía colombiana)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Other	N/A	Stem	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Animal Food	Wildlife attractant	Fruits	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Fuel	Firewood	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia
Fuel	Firewood	Stem	Indigenous	Nukak	Colombia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Heart (10); fruits (9); house posts (3); thatch (8); hunting gear: darts (2), fish trap (7), spear (1); basketry (3); firewood (1); decoration: leaves (1) (Byg, A. and H. Balslev 2004: Factors affecting local knowledge of palms in Nangaritza valley, Southeastern Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Environmental	Ornamental	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Fuel	Firewood	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Hojas tiernas. Alimenticio. Frutos. Alimenticio. (Cerón, C.E. 1995: Etnobiología de los Cofanes de Dureno, provincia de Sucumbíos, Ecuador)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Palm heart Indigenous Shuar Ecuador

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: La corteza externa del raquis se usa para hacer cernideras; para cernir chicha de O´ma (Bactris gasipaes) de yuca o de platano. El estípite se usa para hacer lanzas y para bodoqueras; los frutos cocidos se usan en la alimentación humana. (Cerón, C.E., C.G. Montalvo, J. Umenda et al. 1994: Etnobotánica y notas sobre la diversidad vegetal en la comunidad Cofán de Sinangüé, Sucumbíos, Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Cofán	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Cofán	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Stem	Indigenous	Cofán	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Las hojas pueden ser usadas para tejer techos de casas. Los tallos se utilizan para pisos y postes en la construcción de casas. Los frutos producen un aceite cosmético que puede ser extraido sumergiéndolos en agua caliente por 15 minutos, usando el mismo procedimiento que con los frutos de "shigua" ( Oenocarpus bataua). El aceite se usa para revitalizar el cuero cabelludo. El palmito de esta palma es consumido y se le conoce como "chimbia yuyu". (Balslev, H., M. Rios, G. Quezada and B. Nantipa 1997: Palmas útiles en la cordillera de los Huacamayos)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Stem	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Human Food	Food additives	Palm heart	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Cultural	Cosmetics	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Las palmas están también presentes en las ceremonias. Cuando el jaibaná embera invoca a los espíritus tutelares, acompaña su canto con el ritmo de los movimientos de una hoja de parará o don pedrito. La calle de honor para dar la bienvenida al obispo en un pueblo del río San Juan, se engalana con las enormes hojas del táparo (Orbignya cuatrecasana) y las hojas de otro táparo (Attalea allenii) se bendicen durante el domingo de ramos. (Bernal, R., and G. Galeano 1993: Las palmas del andén Pacífico.)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Cultural Ritual Entire leaf Indigenous Not specified Colombia
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Los frutos cocidos se usan en la alimentación humana como en Oenocarpus bataua. Los frutos comen los sajinos, barizos, machines, guantas y guatines. Los frutos comen los tucanes, tucanetas y pavas negras. Las hojas se usan como juguete de niños. El estípite se usa para hacer tarimas para asar la yuca. (Cerón, C.E., and C.G. Montalvo 1998: Etnobotánica de los Huaorani de Quehueiri-Ono, Napo-Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Cultural	Ritual	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Not specified	Colombia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Los frutos del Majillo son comestibles y se utilizan en la preparación de bebidas.(…). Los troncos del Majillo son utilizados ocasionalmente para la construcción de cercos en los chachos y horcones y durmientes en las casas. (…). Las hojas son también empleadas para la construcción de los techos, (…). (Paniagua Zambrana, N.Y. 2001: Guía de plantas útiles de la comunidad de San José de Uchupiamonas)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Quechua/Tacana	Bolivia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Indigenous	Quechua/Tacana	Bolivia
Environmental	Fences	Stem	Indigenous	Quechua/Tacana	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Quechua/Tacana	Bolivia
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Indigenous	Quechua/Tacana	Bolivia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Los frutos puestos al calor solar o en agua caliente liberan el mesocarpo, del que se prepara una bebida agradable y refrescante; la hojas tiernas son comestibles y las maduras se usan para techar casas. (Vásquez, M., and J. B. Vásquez 1998: La extraccíon de productos forestales diferentes de la madera en el ambito de Iquitos-Perú)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Los frutos son usados para preparar refrescos; se extrae aceite del mesocarpo. El palmito es ocasionalmente comido y los troncos son usados para varios propósitos de construcción. (Moraes, M. 1991: Contribución al estudio del ciclo biológico de la palma Copernicia alba en un área ganadera (Espíritu, Beni, Bolivia))

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Los frutos son utilizados al igual que los del "majo" para la preparación de bebidas. De sus hojas se fabrican canastos y ocasionalmente se le observa en techos de casas. (Gutiérrez-Vásquez, C.A. and R. Peralta 2001: Palmas comunes de Pando, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Not specified	Bolivia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Los frutos y semillas como alimento y se extrae aceite, con el estípite se construyen viviendas (Pino, N., and H. Valois 2004: Ethnobotany of Four Black Communities of the Municipality of Quibdo, Choco - Colombia.)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Oils	Not specified	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Market value of fruit. (Peters, C.M., A.H. Gentry, ,and R. Mendelsohn 1989: Valuation of an Amazonian rainforest)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Mestizo N/A Peru

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Medicine. Sap. Food. Fruits. Thatch. Leaves. (Boom, B.M. 1986: The Chacobo indians and their palms)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Indigenous	Chacobo	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Chacobo	Bolivia
Medicinal and Veterinary	Not specified	Other	Indigenous	Chacobo	Bolivia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Oenocarpus mapora H. Karst. Español: Sinamillo/a, Sinami, Siyamba, (Siamba), Bacabilla. Urarina: Naaé, Imaá Usos: Medicinal y cosmético — Las raíces son extraídas para la preparación de medicamentos contra la hepatitis, la tos, la malaria y la diarrea; ocasionalmente las raíces son utilizadas como shampoo; las vainas se utilizan como compresa contra el dolor de espalda; los frutos son utilizados contra la malaria, la tos y el dolor de estómago. Construcción — Los troncos son utilizados como postes (horcones), y como madera para pisos y paredes en la construcción de la viviendas; las hojas ocasionalmente utilizadas para el techado de viviendas. Herramientas y utensilios — Las hojas jóvenes son utilizadas para la fabricación rápida de canastos en el bosque; el raquis de la inflorescencia ocasionalmente es usado como cepillo. Decorativo y religioso — En la época de carnaval se utiliza toda la planta como decorativo, se ponen regalos en la copa y dan golpes al tronco hasta que caen los regalos. Alimenticio — Frutos maduros comestibles cocidos y utilizados para la preparación de bebidas; pocos extraían el aceite; el palmito es comestible. Comunidad:1–30. Voucher: H. Balslev 7528. (Balslev, H., C. Grandez, et al. 2008: Useful palms (Arecaceae) near Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Digestive system	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Infections and infestations	Root	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Digestive system	Root	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Infections and infestations	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Respiratory system	Root	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf rachis	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Environmental	Ornamental	Entire plant	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Respiratory system	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Digestive system	Root	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Musculo-skeletal system	Leaf sheath	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Cultural	Cosmetics	Root	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Oenocarpus mapora H. Karst. Vernacular name: Yemiwe. Voucher: Macía et al. #1584. Uses. CO: Leaves are used for outer covering thatch. D: Temporary baskets are made from leaves. The stems are used as poles for grills at their feasts. E: After boiling the fruits, the mesocarp is edible. The palm-heart is also edible. (Macía, M.J. 2004: Multiplicity in palm uses by the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Stem	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Oil extraction from fruits ( Elaeis guineensis, Jessenia bataua, Oenocarpus mapora, Attalea sp.). (…). Initiation ritual for young men (Oenocarpus mapora). (…). The Quichuas at San José de Payamino and the Sionas say that it may be used in the same way as Jessenia bataua for oil extraction, (…). (…). The Cayapas in western lowlands use the trunks for house construction. From the leaf rachis they extract fibers which are used for baskets. (Balslev, H., and A. Barfod 1987: Ecuadorean palms- an overview)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Stem	Indigenous	Cayapa	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Cayapa	Ecuador
Cultural	Cosmetics	Fruits	Indigenous	Siona	Ecuador
Cultural	Ritual	Not specified	Indigenous	Not specified	Ecuador
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Indigenous	Siona	Ecuador
Cultural	Cosmetics	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Palms with edible palm heart eaten by the Shuar are Astrocaryum urostachys (awant’), Ceroxylon amazonicum (paik’), Iriartea deltoidea (ampakai), Mauritia flexuosa (achu), Oenocarpus bataua (kunkuk’), Oenocarpus mapora (shímpi), Prestoea acuminata (sake), Prestoea schultzeana (tinkimi), Socratea exorrhiza (kupat) and Wettinia maynensis (terén). Oenocarpus bataua is considered to have the tastiest palm heart. Palm heart is eaten raw or prepared in tonga. Tonga are made by wrapping a mixture of fish, meat, vegetables and condiments in large banana, Canna edulis or Renealmia alpinia leaves. The tonga are then roasted in an open fire. (…). The leaves of Oenocarpus mapora, Prestoea schultzeana and Wettinia maynensis are used for thatching roofs. (Van den Eynden, V., E. Cueva, and O. Cabrera 2004: Edible palms of Southern Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Environmental	Fences	Stem	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Construction	Houses	Stem	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Post/ Weave. Trunk/fibres. (Stagegaard, J., M. Sørensen, and L.P. Kvist 2002: Estimations of the importance of plant resources extracted by inhabitants of the Peruvian Amazon flood plains)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Houses Stem Mestizo N/A Peru
Utensils and Tools Domestic Spear leaf Mestizo N/A Peru
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Refresco, oil. (Vasquez, R., and A.H. Gentry 1989: Use and misuse of forest-harvested fruits in the Iquitos area)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Beverages Fruits Not identified N/A Peru
Human Food Oils Fruits Not identified N/A Peru
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Se consume el mesocarpio oleoso. (Mejía, K. 1992: Las palmeras en los mercados de Iquitos)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Not identified N/A Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Stem	Mestizo	N/A	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Spear leaf	Mestizo	N/A	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Se madura la fruta en agua tibia, se hace caguana, y se come la fruta. Se puede conservar la masa. Tambien nace mojojoy. Sirve para viga, para entechar. Se hace trampa de cerillo, rancho provisional, canastos, pintura y artesanía en general. (Kronik, J. et al. 1999: Fééjahisuu. Palmas de los Nietos de la Tierra y Montaña Verde del Centro)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Cultural	Dyes	Not specified	Indigenous	Muinane	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Not specified	Indigenous	Muinane	Colombia
Other	N/A	Stem	Indigenous	Muinane	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Not specified	Indigenous	Muinane	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Muinane	Colombia
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Indigenous	Muinane	Colombia
Construction	Houses	Not specified	Indigenous	Muinane	Colombia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Muinane	Colombia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Semilla, tallo. (IIAP 2008: Investigación aplicada e implementación de buenas prácticas para el aprovechamiento y transformación sostenible de materias primas vegetales de uso artesanal en los Departamentos de Valle y Chocó)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Utensils and Tools Other Seeds Afro-Americano N/A Colombia
Utensils and Tools Other Stem Afro-Americano N/A Colombia
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Similarly the Bora Indians of Amazonian Peru mix one of green fruits of Oenocarpus mapora with two cups of hot water, and consume this preparation as a laxative. (...). (Balick, M.J. 1986: Systematics and economic botany of the Oenocarpus-Jessenia (Palmae) complex)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Houses Stem Indigenous Bora Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary Digestive system Fruits Indigenous Bora Peru
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Some species from the mixed orchard, field A are particularly interesting. Mauritia flexuosa, Inga densiflora, Oenocarpus mapora are three forest species grown for their fruits. (De Jong, W. 2001: Tree and forest management in the floodplains of the Peruvian Amazon)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Mestizo N/A Peru
Environmental Agroforestry Entire plant Mestizo N/A Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Other	Seeds	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Other	Stem	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Stem	Indigenous	Bora	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Digestive system	Fruits	Indigenous	Bora	Peru

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Su tallo es usado en construcciones rurales al igual que sus hojas para techar casas rústicas. Sus frutos son utilizados para preparar bebidas refrescantes, igual que la "leche de majo" calentando los frutos en baño María por unas horas, los que luego se majan para sacarles el mesocarpo. (Moreno Suárez, L., and O.I. Moreno Suárez 2006: Colecciones de las palmeras de Bolivia)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Indigenous	Not specified	Bolivia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Sus frutos se comen directamente o cocidos. Puede prepararse una leche en forma análoga a la del majo. Un aceite, preparado una vez más como el del majo, se utiliza para cocinar, para el cabello o para aliviar las quemaduras. (…). El tronco es particularmente resistente al fuego y al desgaste, por lo que es muy utilizado en puentes y en la estructura utilizada para ahumar el látex. (…). La bacaba se usa también mucho en la construcción de casas. (…). La bacaba y el bacabón se usan también para construir paredes. (…). Los escalones de acceso a la casa se hacen frecuentemente con tablas cortas de asaí o bacaba. (…). Las puertas de las cercas se hacen casi siempre usando dos secciones ahuecadas y perforadas de tronco de bacaba como postes. (Proctor, P., J. Pelham, B. Baum, C. Ely, M.A. Rogríguez-Girones 1992: Expedición de la Universidad de Oxford a Bolivia. Investigación etnobotánica de las Palmae en el noroeste del departamento de Pando. 25 junio-7 de septiembre de 1992. Informe final: Sección B.)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Bridges	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Medicinal and Veterinary	Skin and subcutaneous tissue	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Environmental	Fences	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Cultural	Cosmetics	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: The palm heart is edible. Boiled fruits are edible. (...). Stems are used for house construction (...). Leaves are occasionally used for thatch. Streps of the leaf rachis are used for making baskets and fish traps, and for cleaning blowguns. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Construction	Houses	Stem	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Construction	Houses	Stem	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: The Shuar eat the fruits and apical meristems (hearts).They make ayampakus with the fruits, meristems and a little water. Blowgun darts are made by splitting the petiole to the appropiate size, then sharpening one end. (Bennett, B.C., M.A. Baker, and P. Gómez-Andrade 2002: Ethnobotany of the Shuar of Eastern Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Petiole	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador

Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: Uso alimenticio y ornamental. (Pacheco, T., R. Burga, P.A. Angulo, and J. Torres 1998: Evaluación de Bosques Secundarios de la zona de Iquitos)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Environmental Ornamental Not specified Mestizo N/A Peru
Human Food Food Not specified Mestizo N/A Peru
Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.: When the fruits have turned dark purple, (…), young men shimmy up the tree to lop off the single fruit bunch. As with other Oenocarpus palms, the fruits are soaked in warm water to soften them before they are mashed by hand to make a thick, nutritious juice. (…). (…), the ash-colored trunk is also planted in home gardens on floodplains. (Smith, N., R. Vásquez, and W. H. Wust 2007: Amazon river fruits. Flavors for Conservation)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Beverages Fruits Not identified N/A Peru
Environmental Agroforestry Entire plant Not identified N/A Peru
Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce: El tronco se utiliza como viga en la construcción de viviendas. Del raquis de las hojas jóvenes se extraen fibras para tejer cernidores. Sus frutos, de color violáceo oscuro, son muy agradables, haciéndose con ellos una bebida refrescante. (Mejía, K.M. 1983: Palmeras y el selvícola amazónico (as Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce))
Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce: Fruit edible (Tessmann). (Macbride, J.F. 1960: Flora of Peru Vol. XIII Part 1 Nº 2 (as Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce))
Oenocarpus dryanderae Burret: Los frutos se usan en la misma forma que los del «milpesos». La preferencia que algunos tienen por la "leche" del «donpedrito» puede obedecer a que la palma es más escasa. (Patiño,V.M. 1977: Palmas oleaginosas de la costa colombiana del Pacífico (as Oenocarpus dryanderae Burret))
Oenocarpus panamanus L.H.Bailey: Los frutos se usan en la misma forma que los del «milpesos». La preferencia que algunos tienen por la "leche" del «donpedrito» puede obedecer a que la palma es más escasa. (Patiño,V.M. 1977: Palmas oleaginosas de la costa colombiana del Pacífico (as Oenocarpus panamanus L.H.Bailey))
Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce: Oenocarpus multicaulis (Fig.2) has two common names in the Iquitos region, sinami and sinamillo. Although this palm can be split and used for flooring as pijuayo, it is seldom sought because it does not reach a sufficient diameter to make flooring of adecuate width. The thin fruit coating around the seed can be dissolved in water to make a pleasant tasting drink. (Jordan, C.B. 1970: A study of germination and use in twelve palms of Northeastern Peru (as Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce))
Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce: On the Río Yaguasyacu, The Bora employ both O. multicaulis and J. bataua for construction purposes. The trunk of the formers species, (...), is used both as the main framework of the house and the roof crossbars, on wich Lepidocaryum sp. thatch is woven. (Balick, M.J. 1986: Systematics and economic botany of the Oenocarpus-Jessenia (Palmae) complex (as Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce))
Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce: Planta comestible recolectada. Parte comestible, corazón. (Chirif, A. 1978: Salud y nutrición en sociedades nativas (as Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce))
Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce: Su madera se emplea para horcones de casas. Se comen su fruto y chonta. (Guallart, J.M. 1968: Nomenclatura Jibaro-Aguaruna de Palmeras en el Distrito de Cenepa. (as Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce))
Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce: The principal source of wood used in the manufacture of small bows and arrows sold to tourists. Fruits are edible. Trunks used as house posts. (Bodley, J.H., and F.C. Benson 1979: Cultural ecology of Amazonian palms (as Oenocarpus multicaulis Spruce))

Bibliography

A. Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador

B. World Checklist of Arecaceae

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