Bactris schultesii (L.H.Bailey) Glassman, Rhodora 65: 259 (1963)

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Distribution

Map uses TDWG level 3 distributions (https://github.com/tdwg/wgsrpd)
Colombia present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)C
Ecuador present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)C
Peru present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)C
S Colombia and Ecuador E of the Andes, on terra firme. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A

Colombia (Caqueutá, Putumayo), Ecuador (Napo, Sucumbíos), and Peru (Amazonas, Loreto); lowland rain forest on terra firme, at 180-1150 m. (Henderson, A.J., Bactris (Palmae) in Flora Neotropica Monographs 79. 2000)B

Discussion

  • Sometimes included in Bactris simplicifrons (Henderson, 1995; Henderson et al., 1995), but different from that species in its usually simple leaf blade, with the veins forming a narrower angle with the rachis, and in its branched inflorescence. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A
  • Bactris schultesii is diagnosed by its simple, oblong, bifid blade without spines (except al apex of lobes), 3-5(-7) rachillae 1-5 cm long, globose, rostrate, red or orange fruits 0.7-1 cm diameter, and markedly pitted endocarp. Most of the specimens examined were included in Bactris simplicifrons by Henderson (1995). Further study has indicated that they represent a distinct species. A sterile specimen (Brazil. Amazonas: BDFF Reserve Km 41,64 km N of Manaus on BR 174 and then 41 km E on ZF 3, 2 Feb 1991, Henderson & Pardini 1612 (NY)) may also belong here. (Henderson, A.J., Bactris (Palmae) in Flora Neotropica Monographs 79. 2000)B

Conservation

  • Lower risk/least concern (Borchsenius & Skov 1999). (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A

Common Name

  • Ecuador: chonta duro de tintin , hua-so-e-ne (Siona), wa-tos-uné (Siona). Peru: uwinim , uyainim. (Henderson, A.J., Bactris (Palmae) in Flora Neotropica Monographs 79. 2000)B

Uses

  • Scrapings from the stem are used to stuff gun cartridges (Siona, Ecuador) (Balslev et al. 62052). (Henderson, A.J., Bactris (Palmae) in Flora Neotropica Monographs 79. 2000)B

Description

  • Understorey palm. Stems solitary or clustered, 1-3 m tall, thin, 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter, unarmed. Leaf blade simple, bifid, 30-65 cm long, and 15-35 cm wide, without spines except for minute bristles along the margin; rachis 20-40 cm long. Inflorescences 5-13 cm long; branches 3-7 branches, to 5 cm long. Peduncular bract glabrous. Female flowers scattered along the branches, with a tubular calyx enclosing the corolla. Fruit red, globose, ca. 1 cm in diameter, smooth; fruiting perianth with a 3-lobed calyx as long as the 3-lobed corolla; staminodial ring absent. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A
  • Stems solitary or cespitose, 0.8-1.5 m tall, 0.7-1.7 cm diam., not spiny.
    Leaves 5- 9; leaf spines absent (except at apex of lobes); sheath 7-12 cm long; ocrea to 2 cm long; petiole 8-15 cm long; rachis 10-37 cm long; blade simple (less often pinnale with a few, proximal pinnae), usually oblong, bifid, with small spines distally on margins; blade 21-64 cm long and 7-35 cm wide at apex of rachis.
    Inflorescences interfoliar but appearing infrafoliar because exserted through leaf sheath; peduncle 2-5 cm long, recurved, strongly flattened, not spiny; prophyll 2-7 cm long; peduncular bract 7-13 cm long, usually not spiny or rarely spiny distally, whitish or brownish tomentose, erect at anthesis and forming an angle of ca. 300 with stem; rachis 0-0.5(-1.8) cm long; rachillae 3- 5(-7), 1-5 cm long, at anthesis covered with moniliform trichomes and whitish brown tomentum; triads regularly arranged almost throughout rachillae; staminate flowers 3-3.5 mm long; sepal lobes to 1 mm long; petals 3-3.5 mm long; stamens 6; pistillode absent; pistillate flowers to 2.5 mm long; calyx tubular, 2-2.5 mm long; corolla tubular, 2-2.5 mm long; staminodes absent; fruits 0.7-1 cm diam., globose, rostrate, red or 141 orange; mesocarp starchy; endocarp obovoid, markedly pitted, the pores equally spaced; endocarp fibers absent; fruiting perianth with deeply 3-lobed calyx as long as the deeply 3-lobed corolla, without staminodial ring. (Henderson, A.J., Bactris (Palmae) in Flora Neotropica Monographs 79. 2000)B

Materials Examined

  • COLOMBIA. CAQUETÁ: Between Sucre and La Portada, Río Hacha, 11 50 m, 19 Feb 1988, Bernal & Caleano 1420 (COL).
    ECUADOR. NAPO: 5 km NW of Coca, 0°30'S, 77°1'W, 7 Oct 1987, Cerón 2403 (AAU, MO); rd. from Archidona to Tena, 4 km from Archidona, 0°55'S, 77°50'W, 22 Oct 1987, Skov & Borschenius 64761 (AAU, NY).
    SUCUMBÍOS: Reserva Faunística Cuyabeno al N side of Laguna Grande, 0°0', 76°11'W, 300 m, 20-26 Jan 1984, Balslev 4785 (AAU, NY), 23 Apr 1986, Balslev et al. 62052 (AAU, COL, FTG, K, NY), 19 Apr 1988, Balslev 69044 (AAU, MO).
    PERU. AMAZONAS: N of Cenepa, 30 Jul 1974, Berlin 1877 (MO), 30 Jul 1974, Berlin 1879 (MO); La Poza, Río Santiago, 3°50'S, 77°40'W, 180 m, 14 Aug 1979, Domínguez 75 (MO), 16 Aug 1979, Leveau 196 (MO), 14 Nov 1979, Tunqui 65 (MO); Río Santiago, Caterpiza, 20 Sep 1979. Huashikat 724 (MO), 25 Oct 1979, V. Huashikal 1042 (MO); Río Santiago, 65 km N of Pinglo, 200 m, 27 Dec 1979, Huashikat 1630 (MO), 21 Feb 1980, Huasilikat 2170 (MO); Rio Cenepa, 31 May 1973, Kayap 854 (BH, MO); Rio Cenepa, Huampami, 4°30'S, 78°30'W, 12 Aug 1978, Kujika! 274 (MO).
    LORETO: Yanamono, 3°28'S, 72°50'W, 14 Nov 1979, Gentry et al. 28031 (MO), 26 Jul 1980, Centry et al. 29086 (MO), 18 Feb 1981, Centry et al. 31407 (MO, USM), Jun 1982, Centry et al. 37092 (MO), 24 Jan 1983, Gentry et al. 39715 (MO), 27 Jun 1983, Gentry et al. 42252 (MO), 18 Oct 1980, Vasquez & Jaramillo 569 (MO), 28 Sep 1988, Vasquez & Jaramillo 11083 (MO); Maynas, 3°35'S, 72°45'W, 29 Jun 1983, Centry 42361 (MO); Maynas, lquilos, Barrio Floridio, 14 Sep 1995, Henderson & Padilla 2028 (NY); Prov. Requena, Jenaro Herrera, 4°55'S, 73°40'W, 12 Sep 1984, Kahn & K. Mejia 1720 (USM), 15 Sep 1984, Kahn & K. Mejia 1733 (USM), 6 Sep 1982, K. Mejia 87 (USM); Rio Manití, 4 Mar 1989, Kahn 2349 (USM); Veradero de Mazan, between Napo and Amazonas, 16 May 1960, Moore et al. 8464 (BH). (Henderson, A.J., Bactris (Palmae) in Flora Neotropica Monographs 79. 2000)B

Use Record

  • Bactris schultesii (L.H.Bailey) Glassman: Bactris schultesii (L.H. Bailey) Glassman Vernacular names: Dabayuwe bengana, boyiguentiwe (adult). Vouchers: Yanez, Macía et al. #2099; Yanez, Macía et al. #2136. Uses. CO: Leaves are used for thatch in traditional houses when there is a lack of Geonoma species. HF: The stem is used to make improvised hunting spears and harpoons. (Macía, M.J. 2004: Multiplicity in palm uses by the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Utensils and ToolsHunting and fishingStemIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
  • Bactris schultesii (L.H.Bailey) Glassman: Bactris schultesii (L.H.Bailey) Glassman Español: Nejilla Usos: Construcción — En algunos casos se utilizan las hojas en los techos de viviendas. Alimenticio — Ocasionalmente los frutos maduros son comestibles. Comunidad: 4, 6, 13–15, 19, 21, 23, 25. Voucher: H. Balslev 7512. (Balslev, H., C. Grandez, et al. 2008: Useful palms (Arecaceae) near Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafNot identifiedN/APeru
    Human FoodFoodFruitsNot identifiedN/APeru
  • Bactris schultesii (L.H.Bailey) Glassman: Fruits edible. Leaves used for thatch. (Báez, S., and Å. Backevall 1998: Dictionary of plants used by the Shuar of Makuma and Mutints)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousShuarEcuador
    Human FoodFoodFruitsIndigenousShuarEcuador
  • Bactris schultesii (L.H.Bailey) Glassman: The stem is scraped to make "stuffing" for gun cart-ridges. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Utensils and ToolsHunting and fishingStemIndigenousSionaEcuador

Bibliography

    A. Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador
    B. Henderson, A.J., Bactris (Palmae) in Flora Neotropica Monographs 79. 2000
    C. World Checklist of Arecaceae