Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod, Opera Bot. 105: 46 (1991)

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Content

Distribution

Map uses TDWG level 3 distributions (https://github.com/tdwg/wgsrpd)

Brazil North present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Ecuador present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Peru present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

W part of the Amazon basin in Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil, on terra firme and on periodically inundated river banks. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A

Description

Stem solitary, to 10 m tall, ca. 20 cm in diameter. Leaves to 6 m long, sometimes with the axis twisting and the distal part of leaf blade held in a vertical position; sheaths with numerous dark-brown fibres at their margins; leaf axis with numerous black scales, especially below; pinnae 90-120 on each side, regularly arranged in one plane, the central ones to 1 m long, 4-6 cm wide. Male inflorescence pendulous, to 2 m long, yellowish brown. Female inflorescence compact, ca. 25 cm long, cream coloured at anthesis. Infructescence 30-45 cm in diameter, borne on a 20-30 cm long peduncle; fruits 30-50 per infructescence, brown. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A

Use Record

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Alimentación humana. Fruto. (Rios, M., and J. Caballero 1997: Las plantas en la alimentación de la comunidad Ahuano, Amazonía ecuatoriana)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Beverages Fruits Indigenous Quichua Ecuador

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.Hend.) Barfod Español: Piassaba, Chipati. Urarina: Accuedé Usos: Construcción — Ocasionalmente el tronco es utilizado para los postes (horcones) de las viviendas, y para las vigas del techo y los pisos; las hojas son utilizadas para el techado de las viviendas permanentes y temporales, poco frecuente para cocinas, y en algunos casos son colocadas solamente en los bordes o utilizadas para cubrir la cumba del techo (cumberas). Herramientas y utensilios — Las hojas tiernas son utilizadas en canastos de rápida fabricación que son elaborados para el traslado de frutos o animales muertos desde el bosque; las fibras extraídas de la base de las hojas son utilizadas localmente para la fabricación de escobas; las hojas son también utilizadas para la fabricación del “capillejo” y el “cargajo” (material para empujar los dardos en las cerbatanas), utensilios empleados en la cacería; las venas principales de las pinnas – debidamente liberados de sus laminas – son utilizados para extraer las larvas que se desarrollan en los troncos de otras especies. Alimenticio — Los frutos maduros son recolectados y consumidos cocidos, también son utilizados para la elaboración de bebidas; las semillas inmaduras son consumidas; ocasionalmente el palmito es extraído para ser consumido crudo o cocido. Para venta — Las fibras obtenidas de la base de las hojas son ampliamente comercializadas. Comunidad: 1–6, 10, 12, 14, 15, 19, 20, 23, 27–30. Voucher: H. Balslev 7434. (Balslev, H., C. Grandez, et al. 2008: Useful palms (Arecaceae) near Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Spear leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Leaf rachis	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Beverages	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Aphandra natalia (Balslev & An. Hend.) Barfod Vernacular names: Wamowe (adult), wamoma (leaves), wamomo, wamunca (fruits). No voucher was taken. Uses. CO: The weaved pinnae of the leaves are used for thatch. D: Fibres from the leaf base are used to make brooms. Leaves are used for improvised beds and seats in the forest. E: The endosperm is edible when immature in a liquid or jelly-like state. The mesocarp is also edible. (Macía, M.J. 2004: Multiplicity in palm uses by the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: De las bases de las hojas se obtienen fibras utilizadas en la fabricación de escobas. (Mejía, K. 1992: Las palmeras en los mercados de Iquitos)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Utensils and Tools Domestic Leaf sheath Not identified N/A Peru
Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Denominada en quichua como chili muyu, las fibras que salen del peciolo se utilizan para hacer escobas. (...). Se toma el agua de los frutos para calmar la sed cuando se ha caminado por mucho tiempo en el bosque y no se tiene agua. (Ponce, M. 1992: Etnobotánica de palmas de Jatun Sacha)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Utensils and Tools Domestic Petiole Indigenous Quichua Ecuador
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Quichua Ecuador

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Doméstico. Comestible. La fibra (Huamongo) que crece cerca de las hojas y en el tallo, se utiliza como escoba para limpiar las casas. Los frutos (Huamonka) son comestibles. (Mondragón, M.L., and R. Smith 1997: Bete Quiwiguimamo. Salvando el bosque para vivir sano)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Stem	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: El fruto es comestible y lo consumen colonos e indígenas de las provincias de Morona-Santiago y Pastaza. (…). Los Huaorani fabrican de los troncos cintas ceremoniales y dardos. También se cosechan las larvas (chontacuro) que crecen en la palma y son comestibles. De las hojas se extraen varios productos como el palmito y el raquis se utiliza como parte de la estructura de techos y para hacer canastos. (…). El palmito y la semilla inmadura ( endospermo) son comestibles. (…) El producto principal de esta palma es la fibra que se utiliza para la fabricación de escobas y tiene una gran demanda en todo el país. (…). Frutos tiernos. Alimentación. Venta de frutos y aceite en los mercados. Semillas. Elaboración de artesanía: botones, collares y esculturas (es simillar a la tagua). Las artesanías se pueden vender. Hojas. Eventualmente se usa la hoja para techos. Fibras. Extracción de fibra. Venta de la fibra en el mercado. (Gomez, D., L. Lebrun, N. Paymal, and A. Soldi 1996: Palmas útiles en la provincia de Pastaza. Amazonia ecuatoriana. Manual práctico)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Seeds	Indigenous	Not specified	Ecuador
Cultural	Personal adornment	Seeds	Indigenous	Not specified	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Not specified	Ecuador
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Indigenous	Not specified	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Stem	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Seeds	Indigenous	Not specified	Ecuador
Cultural	Ritual	Stem	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Other	N/A	Stem	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Not specified	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Not specified	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Fibres are used for fire-starters, torches, and "blowgun-bore cleaners"; the leaf rachis is used for ceremonial head bands and darts; baskets are made from the leaves. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Cultural	Ritual	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Fuel	Fire starter	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Fuel	Fire starter	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Fruits and palm heart are edible. Edible larvae (Rhynchophorus palmarum) extracted from decaying trunks. Leaf-base/petiole fibres used for making brooms. Seeds used for handicraft. Leaves used for thatch. (Báez, S. 1998: Dictionary of plants used by the Canelos-Quichua)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Other	N/A	Stem	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Other	N/A	Seeds	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Heart (1); fruits (1) (Byg, A. and H. Balslev 2004: Factors affecting local knowledge of palms in Nangaritza valley, Southeastern Ecuador)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Not identified N/A Ecuador
Human Food Beverages Palm heart Not identified N/A Ecuador

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Human Food	Beverages	Palm heart	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: In Ecuador it is exploited commercially for its leaf sheath and petiole fibers, used for brooms, and to a minor degree for its edible fruit mesocarp. (Borgtoft, H. 1992: Uses and management of Aphandra natalia (Palmae) in Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: In our study area the most common use of Aphandra was collecting its edible fruits (personal observation), which in other species has been shown to reduce recruitment (Hall and Bawa, 1993). Furthermore, harvesting of Aphandra leaves for thatch or fibres was destructive in the Pastaza– Urituyacu area, involving the killing of the harvested individuals (personal observation). (Boll, T., J.C. Svenning, J. Vormisto et al. 2005: Spatial distribution and environmental preferences of the piassaba palm Aphandra natalia (Arecaceae) along the Pastaza and Urituyacu rivers in Peru)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Not identified N/A Peru
Other N/A Leaf sheath Not identified N/A Peru
Human Food Food Fruits Not identified N/A Peru
Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Los vegetales que se emplean en la alimentación, además provienen de la recolección de frutos silvestres durante todo el año; así en los primero meses hasta marzo, se recoge: (…), usahua (fruto de la palmera espinosa), (…), sili-muyu ( palmera), (…). Se pueden encontrar en cualquier época chunta-caspi-muyu, palmitos de chapaja, chambira, ushuahua, ungurahua, patihua, (…), paihua (frutos tiernos o maduros de palmera), (…). Desde mediados y hasta finales de año pueden recolectar: ungurahua-muyu, morete-muyu (…). (…). Entre los artefactos de caza, la bodoquera, elaborada con chonta y cuyaiyura y los dardos de nayoa ( palma similar a la chonta), shiguacara y ungurahua. Ungurahua-muyu. (…). Jessenia bataua. Fruto. Diarrea con sangre. Con los frutos lavados y pelados se hace cocción concentrada. Se toma en ayunas. (Iglesias, G. 1989: Sacha Jambi- El uso de las plantas en la medicina tradicional de los Quichuas del Napo)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Quichua Ecuador

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: People extract the leaf-sheath and petiole fibers to use as broom bristles. (...). Although people exploit the edible fruit mesocarp, the main draw to Aphandra natalia comes from the commercial use of its leaf-sheath and petiole fiber. (Mayer, W. 2006: THE PIASSABA PALM: CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE BUFFER ZONE OF PERU’S CORDILLERA AZUL NATIONAL PARK)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Indigenous	Not specified	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Not specified	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Not specified	Peru
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Not specified	Peru

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Produce una fibra usada para cepillos y escobas, las hojas se usan para techar casas y las semillas son comestibles. (Vásquez, M., and J. B. Vásquez 1998: La extraccíon de productos forestales diferentes de la madera en el ambito de Iquitos-Perú)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Se extrae la tagua y una fibra para escobas, que los shuar no solían usar. (Mundo Shuar 1977: Las plantas)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Utensils and Tools Other Seeds Indigenous Shuar Ecuador
Utensils and Tools Domestic Leaf sheath Indigenous Shuar Ecuador
Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: Semilla, endospermo. Fresco. (Mendoza, P. 1994: Identificación de los frutos comestibles silvestres recolectados por los indígenas Huaorani de la comunidad de Toñiampari en la Amazonía del Ecuador)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Seeds Indigenous Huaorani Ecuador

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Other	Seeds	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: The main economic product from Aphandra natalia is its fibers, which are used to produce the majority of Ecuadorian brooms. In earlier times, (…), they were used to make rope for tying up cattle; (…). The fibers are produced from the leaf sheath and the leaf petioles and they can only be harvested by cutting the leaves. (…). Fibers are sold through local merchants to broom producing factories in various parts of Ecuador. (…). Aphandra natalia is ocasionally cultivated in agroforestry systems, a practice which seems to be increasin and which has been observed among indigenous people ( Quichua, Achuar, and Shuar) as well as among colonist.(…). Spear Leaf. Protective sheath for blowgun darts. Leaf. Thatch. Leaf Rachis. Blowgun darts. Palm heart. Edible. Larvae. Edible larvae of Rhynchophorus palmarum extracted from the distal part of decaying trunks. Mesocarp. Edible, marketd locally. Game atraction. Endosperm. Edible when inmature and liquid to jelly-like. Potential source of "vegetalbe ivory" when mature and hard. Male inflorescence. Cattle fodder. (Borgtoft, H. 1992: Uses and management of Aphandra natalia (Palmae) in Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Animal Food	Fodder	Inflorescence	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Other	N/A	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Spear leaf	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Spear leaf	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Rope	Petiole	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Colono	N/A	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Spear leaf	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Rope	Leaf sheath	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Achuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Leaf rachis	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Other	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Indigenous	Quichua	Ecuador
Animal Food	Wildlife attractant	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: The Shuar thatch houses with TINTÚK leaves. They make brooms from fibers borne on the petiole. A cottage broom industry is based in Sucúa. The heart and fruits are edible. Fruits are sold for 50 sucres each. (Bennett, B.C., M.A. Baker, and P. Gómez-Andrade 2002: Ethnobotany of the Shuar of Eastern Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Palm heart	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador

Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod: WASHIM (Barbacoa). Para construir la barbacoa se utilizan tiras de distintos materiales: toquilla, terén, tintiuk´,etc. (…). TUNTA-TSENTSAK (Aljaba-flecha). En la aljaba se pone una almohadilla, que mantiene las flechas ajustadas. Se fabrica con hojas de tintiúk kumpa, utilizando las más tiernas de la punta y quitándoles la parte dura.(…). Las flechas se fabrican con distintos materiales, según los lugares (guadúa, tintiuk, etc.). (Bianchi, C. 1982: Artesanías y técnicas Shuar)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Not specified	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador

Ammandra natalia Balslev & A.J.Hend.: The palm heart, inmature endosperm, and inmature mesocarp are eaten by local people. The most important part of the palm is the fibers from the leaf sheath and petiole. Collection of these fibers was observed near Mendez and Puyo, where local industries used them for broom manufacture, (…). (Balslev, H., and A. Henderson 1987: A New Ammandra ( Palmae) from Ecuador (as Ammandra natalia Balslev & A.J.Hend.))

Bibliography

A. Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador

B. World Checklist of Arecaceae

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