Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey, Gentes Herb. 3: 88 (1933)

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Content

Distribution

Map uses TDWG level 3 distributions (https://github.com/tdwg/wgsrpd)

Colombia present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Costa Rica present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Ecuador present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Panamá present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B

Central America to Ecuador W of the Andes, to 900 m elevation, but usually at lower altitudes, in non-inundated areas.
Distribution in Ecuador. Common in somewhat seasonal, tropical moist forest in W Ecuador. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A

Description

Subcanopy palm. Stem solitary, to 15 m tall and 30 cm in diameter, armed with long black spines, often with one or more dead leaves hanging from the crown. Leaves forming a funnel or umbrella shaped crown, erect and arching, to 5 m long; pinnae ca. 100 on each side, arranged in groups of 2-5 and spreading in different planes, the central ones to 110 cm long and 3.5 cm wide. Inflorescences erect to arching, cream coloured, to 150 cm long; branches to 200, each with 3-5 female flowers on the basal part. Male flowers ca. 4 mm long. Female flowers 6-8 mm long including stigmas. Fruits obovoid, greyish green, turning orange at maturity, 5-6 cm long. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)A

Use Record

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: A los frutos maduros se les consume el pericarpo como frutal. (Caballero, M.R. 1995: La etnobotánica en las comunidades negras e indígenas del delta del Río Patía)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Not identified N/A Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Agroforestry Systems. Fibers (marketed). Edible mesocarp. (Borgtoft, H. 1992: Uses and management of Aphandra natalia (Palmae) in Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Petiole	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Al cabo del tiempo, el padre del niño enfermo las siembra, generalmente en el huerto. La creencia es que si este weguerr crece y se desarrolla normalmente en niño queda libre de los malos espíritus y se cura; (…). Con un bejuco y las espinas se elabora una corona y con la madera fabrican un bastón las personas que van a heredar la sabiduria del jaibaná (es quien puede ver el espiritu que está provocando la dolencia); también elaboran un bastón que se conjura en el ritual para poder matar animales del monte con facilidad y el bastón que simboliza el paso de poder de un gobernador a otro. (…). El tronco o estípite se utiliza en la elaboración de viviendas particularmente como horcones o bases que sostiene el piso; también en la elaboración de trapiches "mata gente". (…). Antiguamente con la fibra del cogollo elaboraban lazos en un tejido que llamaban "cola de armadillo" el cual sostenía la "pampaniya" o "guayuco" y para hacer amarres. (…). La palma A. standleyanum ofrece a las comunidades waunan el cogollo y desde hace muchos años es materia prima para la elaboración de cántaros, platos, papeleras, fruteros y cocas; que las mujeres elaboran en los tiempos libres, logrando ingresos importantes para la familia. (…). Se utiliza el cogollo para la artesanía ya que en este estado se obtiene una fibra más suave y elástica. (Gallego, B. 1995: Materias primas vegetales utilizadas en la elaboración de artesanias por las comunidades indígenas Waunan del bajo Río San Juan)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Spear leaf	Indigenous	Waunan	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Rope	Spear leaf	Indigenous	Waunan	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Labour tools	Stem	Indigenous	Waunan	Colombia
Cultural	Ritual	Spines	Indigenous	Waunan	Colombia
Cultural	Ritual	Entire plant	Indigenous	Waunan	Colombia
Cultural	Cloth and accessories	Spear leaf	Indigenous	Waunan	Colombia
Cultural	Ritual	Stem	Indigenous	Waunan	Colombia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Indigenous	Waunan	Colombia

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Alimento humano. Palmitos. Cogollo (hoja). Doméstico. (Patiño, A. 2006: Uso y manejo de la flora entre los Awa de Cuambi-Yaslambi, con énfasis en especies medicinales (Barbacoas, Nariño-Colombia). Estudio etnobotánico.)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Palm heart Indigenous Awá Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Awá	Colombia

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Artesanías (Sombrero, bolsos, fibras, cestas, canastos), construcción de vivienda, pilotes, alimento, como golosinas, aceite y/o grasas. (García Cossio, F., Y.A. Ramos, J.C. Palacios, and A. Ríos 2002: La familia Arecaceae, recurso promisorio para la economía en el Departamento del Chocó)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Cultural	Cloth and accessories	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Other	N/A	Spear leaf	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Cayapas. Raw fruit edible, fibres for hammocks etc. extracted for leaves. (Barfod, A. & H. Balslev 1988: The use of palms by the Cayapas and Coaiqueres on the Coastal plain of Ecuador)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Cayapa Ecuador
Utensils and Tools Domestic Spear leaf Indigenous Cayapa Ecuador

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Cogollo, semilla, tallo. (IIAP 2008: Investigación aplicada e implementación de buenas prácticas para el aprovechamiento y transformación sostenible de materias primas vegetales de uso artesanal en los Departamentos de Valle y Chocó)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Other	Stem	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Other	Spear leaf	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Other	Seeds	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Construcción. Tallo. (...). Herramientas. Hojas. Como relleno de teas. (Galeano, G. 1992: Las palmas de la región de Araracuara)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Houses Stem Afro-Americano N/A Colombia
Fuel Fire starter Entire leaf Afro-Americano N/A Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Stem	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia
Fuel	Fire starter	Entire leaf	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: El estipe, cortado de palmas adultas y desprovisto de las espinas, es uno de los mejores leños para pilotes y horcones de viviendas; dura mucho enterrado. Del cogollo sin abrir se obtiene una fibra, similar al cumare de los Llanos orientales, con la cual se fabrican sombreros, especialmente en el sector costero vecino al río Tapaje. La pulpa del fruto se come ocasionalmente, aunque algunos la sindican como tóxica. Del endocarpo negro de los frutos, de aspecto azabachado cuando se pule, se fabrican las otrora conocidas "sortijas de corozo". (Patiño,V.M. 1977: Palmas oleaginosas de la costa colombiana del Pacífico)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Cultural	Cloth and accessories	Spear leaf	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Cultural	Cloth and accessories	Spear leaf	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Cultural	Personal adornment	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia
Cultural	Personal adornment	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Colombia

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: El fruto y el cogollo de esta palma son comestibles y las hojas tiernas se usan para hacer artesanías, individuales. (Marchan, N. 2001: Etnobotánica cuantitativa de una comunidad Chachi de la Provincia de Esmeraldas, Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Cayapa	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Other	Spear leaf	Indigenous	Cayapa	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Cayapa	Ecuador

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Especie cultivada en la huerta casera y en las chagras awá. Alimento. (González, M.S. 1994: Flora utilizada por los Awa de Albi con énfasis en especies medicinales-estudio de Botánica Económica-)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Not specified Indigenous Awá Colombia
Environmental Agroforestry Entire plant Indigenous Awá Colombia
Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Fibers extracted from leaves for hammocks, fishing nets and baskets ( Astrocaryum chambira, A. standleyanum). (…). Fresh fruits edible (Bactris sp., Phytelephas microcarpa, Ammandra sp., Palandra aequatorialis, Aiphanes caryotaefolia, Aiphanes eggersii, Astrocaryum murumuru, Astrocaryum chambira, Astrocaryum standleyanum, Desmoncus sp., Geonoma sp.). (Balslev, H., and A. Barfod 1987: Ecuadorean palms- an overview)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Cayapa Ecuador
Utensils and Tools Domestic Spear leaf Indigenous Cayapa Ecuador
Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: In the departament of Chocó, baskets made with fibers from the antá ( Ammandra decasperma) and the güerregue (Astrocaryum standleyanum) are both sold locally, with the latter fetching high prices in arts and crafts stores in Bogotá. (Bernal, R. 1998: Demography of the Vegetable Ivory Palm Phytelephas seemannii in Colombia, and the Impact of Seed Harvesting)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Utensils and Tools Domestic Spear leaf Not identified N/A Colombia
Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Los estipes, que son duros y resistentes, son ocasionalmente utilizados como pilotes en construcciones rústicas; los frutos son dulces (...). (Galeano, G., R. Bernal 1987: Palmas del Departamento de Antioquia, Región de Antioquia, Región Occidental)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Houses Stem Not identified N/A Colombia
Human Food Food Fruits Not identified N/A Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Not specified	Indigenous	Awá	Colombia
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Indigenous	Awá	Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Spear leaf	Not identified	N/A	Colombia

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Los frutos del "güinul" (…): el pericarpo carnoso y dulce, comestible, aprovechado sólo por los animales silvestres y a veces por los muchachos; (…). (…). Las hojas del "güinul", semejantes a las de la "tagua" en su aspecto, son aprovechadas por los nativos como materia prima para la manufactura de sombreros de "mocora" (…); las hojas convenientemente preparadas sirven para tejer hamacas y canastos dobladas. (Acosta-Solis, M. 1948: Tagua or vegetable ivory - a forest product of Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Not specified	Ecuador
Cultural	Cloth and accessories	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Se fabrican jarrones y con el estípite se hacen pisos y paredes de casas. (Pino, N., and H. Valois 2004: Ethnobotany of Four Black Communities of the Municipality of Quibdo, Choco - Colombia.)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Houses Stem Afro-Americano N/A Colombia
Utensils and Tools Domestic Not specified Afro-Americano N/A Colombia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Stem	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Not specified	Afro-Americano	N/A	Colombia

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: The most common use of mocora in the Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserve is for mat weaving. Most mestizos and Afro-Ecuadorians in the reserve region sleep on mocora mats. Furthermore, in a few mestizo homes, they also hang mocora mats on the walls to prevent wind and moisture from entering through the cane structures. The Chachi also sleep on mats, although they are less often made of mocora, but more often from the petioles of Carludovica palmata, rampira (Cyclanthaceae) a palm-like plant, most commonly referred to as the Panama hat palm. Although the Chachi say that they prefer mocora, because it is softer, they are more accustomed to weaving with rampira, and the material is easier to collect and prepare. For the Chachi, apparently more people made mocora mats in the past. Residents told me that ten years ago one would find mocora mats in most homes. Now, only those who consider themselves artisans continue to use this fiber.(…). The groups that use mocora gather the leaflets and bring them home, where the entire family removes the spines from the outer margins of each leaflet. They take off this sharp material by running a knife up the edge, removing the outermost portion of material from both sides of each leaflet. Then, with their fingers, they pinch the midrib from the top of the leaflet, slip their thumbnail underneath, and slide it to the base of the leaflet, separating the midrib from the leaflet blade (Figure 3). The preparer then breaks the midrib off higher than the base, so that the leaflet still remains intact at the bottom. Weavers and their families hang the leaflets over a line to dry, straddling the leaflets on the still intact base (Figure 4). The leaflets dry for approximately one week. (…). Although I observed few Chachi weaving mocora, those who knew how said they had learned from a parent, and that their children are learning to weave from them. Although the Chachi still see mocora weaving as a strong tradition, they also say that ten and twenty years ago many people knew how to weave mocora well, and that their grandparents had the ‘‘real’’ knowledge. (…). (…), various mestizos make storage baskets from the left over midribs removed from the leaflets. Mestizo families use them to hold light kitchen items, with children being the most common weavers of these simple and useful containers. (…). Although not a common use, the Chachi sometimes use dried leaf fiber of mocora as string to hang mosquito netting. They also use braided mocora ropes, tying these to their hammocks so that they can rock their babies from afar. All three groups in the area suck on the sweet mesocarp of the mocora fruit. (…). The Afro-Ecuadorians in Mache-Chindul also eat the endosperm. (…). Some colonists boil the fruit, and then skim the oil that rises to the top of the water when the pot cools. Another part of the palm that all groups consume is the palm heart. (…). Most people discard the seeds after eating palm fruit. However, one man has a small ring making business. He most often sells them outside the community, or gives them as special gifts within it. (…). Mat makers tend to charge between $4.00 and $8.00 (U.S.) for a double size mat. (Fadiman, M.G. 2008: Use Of Mocora, Astrocaryum Standleyanum (Arecaceae), By Three Ethnic Groups In Ecuador: Differences, Similarities and Market Potential)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Beverages	Palm heart	Colono	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Cayapa	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Afro-Americano	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Colono	N/A	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Colono	N/A	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Afro-Americano	N/A	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Cayapa	Ecuador
Human Food	Beverages	Seeds	Afro-Americano	N/A	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Cayapa	Ecuador
Human Food	Oils	Fruits	Colono	N/A	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Afro-Americano	N/A	Ecuador
Cultural	Personal adornment	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Ecuador

Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey: Uso Alimenticio. Los frutos maduros y el palmito (hojas tiernas) se come. (Cerón, C.E., C. Montalvo, A. Calazacón et al. 2004: Etnobotánica Tsáchila, Pichincha-Ecuador)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Tsáchila Ecuador
Human Food Food Palm heart Indigenous Tsáchila Ecuador
Astrocaryum standleyanum var. calimense Dugand: El estipe, cortado de palmas adultas y desprovisto de las espinas, es uno de los mejores leños para pilotes y horcones de viviendas; dura mucho enterrado. Del cogollo sin abrir se obtiene una fibra, similar al cumare de los Llanos orientales, con la cual se fabrican sombreros, especialmente en el sector costero vecino al río Tapaje. La pulpa del fruto se come ocasionalmente, aunque algunos la sindican como tóxica. Del endocarpo negro de los frutos, de aspecto azabachado cuando se pule, se fabrican las otrora conocidas "sortijas de corozo". (Patiño,V.M. 1977: Palmas oleaginosas de la costa colombiana del Pacífico (as Astrocaryum standleyanum var. calimense Dugand))

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Tsáchila	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Palm heart	Indigenous	Tsáchila	Ecuador

Bibliography

A. Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador

B. World Checklist of Arecaceae

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