Livistona boninensis (Becc.) Nakai, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan 1(3): 255 (1930)

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Distribution

Map uses TDWG level 3 distributions (https://github.com/tdwg/wgsrpd)
Kazan-retto present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B
Ogasawara-shoto present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B
Japan. Bonin (Ogasawara) and Volcano Islands. (Dowe, J.L.: A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae))A

Habitat

  • Coastal and near coastal forest, 50-500 m alt. Flowering Apr-May; fruiting Oct-Dec. (Dowe, J.L.: A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae))A

Discussion

  • The first mention of Livistona boninensis was by Kittlitz (1844) in an account of his voyage through the northwest Pacific, where he noted "...eine grosse schöne Fächerpalme (Corypha japonica?)...", and included it in various illustrations of the Bonin Islands. Nakai (1936) argued that by Beccari (1921) who described it as a subspecies of L. chinensis in a diagnostic key to Livistona species, as L. chinensis var. boninensis. The first use of the name raised to specific rank as L. boninensis, was by Nakai (1928) in his Plants in Ogasawara Islands. Beccari (1931) maintained it as a subspecies of L. chinensis, and provided an expanded description. However, Nakai (1935) continued using the name at specific level, and placed Beccari's subspecies in synonymy. Moore & Fosberg (1956) re-established it as a subspecies, provided comparative illustrations with other subspecies, and established the type as Wilson 8271. Recently collected specimens seen at MAK carry larger fruits than originally described, up to 30 mm long as opposed to 25 mm long in previous descriptions. Fruit are globose to subglobose with a tapered base. These differ from those in L. chinensis where they are only up to 26 mm long in the largest specimens seen, varying from globose to ovoid but lacking any basal tapering. A peduncular bract is present in L. boninensis but is lacking in L. chinensis. There is also considerable difference in the degree of tomentum carried on the inflorescence bracts. In L. chinensis, the tomentum is dense and persistent, while in L. boninensis bracts are glabrous or only mildly tomentose becoming glabrous at maturity. Thus the taxon formerly known as L. chinensis var. boninensis is hereby reassigned to specific status in accordance with the taxonomy of Nakai (1935). (Dowe, J.L.: A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae))A

Conservation

  • Near threatened. (Dowe, J.L.: A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae))A

Common Name

  • Bonin Island Fan-palm. (Dowe, J.L.: A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae))A

Description

  • Hermaphroditic palm. Trunk to 20 m tall, ca 30 cm dbh, leaf scars raised, with remnant leaf-base fibres, internodes narrow, petiole stubs not persistent. Leaves 40-60 in a globose to flattened crown; petiole adaxially moderately ridged, margins with single curved green spines well spaced in proximal portion of petiole; leaf-base fibres not prominent, very coarse, persistent; lamina costapalmate, regularly segmented, subcircular, 120-200 cm long, adaxially grey-green, abaxially lighter grey-green, nonwaxy; lamina divided for 45-75% of its length, with 50-82 segments, depth of apical cleft ca 20% of the segment length; apical lobes pendulous; parallel veins 5-6 each side of midrib; transverse veins thinner than parallel veins. Inflorescences unbranched at the base, 130-220 cm long, not extending beyond the limit of the crown, branched to 3 orders; 6-7 partial inflorescences; rachillae 4-16 cm long, glabrous; prophyll not seen; peduncular bract 1, tubular, glabrous; rachis bracts tubular, glabrous. Flowers in clusters of 5-8, 2.0-2.8 mm long, cream. Fruit globose to pyriform, 19-30 mm long, 14-28 mm diam., glossy bright green; pedicel 3-4 mm long. Seed reniform. Eophyll not seen. (Dowe, J.L.: A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae))A

Materials Examined

  • Specimens examined: JAPAN: Bonin Islands, Haha-jima, Wilson 8271 (Lectotype, A; isolectotypes, BM, K, US); Haha-jima, Okimura, Furuse 7719 (K); Haha-jima, Koshin-dzuka, top of Mt. Sekimon, 200-400 m alt., 18 Mar 1972, Momiyama, Kobayashi & Ono s.n. (MAK); Chichi-jima, 75 m alt., Fosberg 31545, 31547, 31548 (US); Chichi-jima, Mt. Mikazuki, Fujita & Shimizu 23 (A); Chichi-jima, vicinity of Tsutsujiyama, Murata 171, with Tabata, Tsuchiya & Takada (A); Chichi-jima, Futami Graveyard, 3 Jul 1976, Kanai & Ono s.n. (MAK); Chichi-jima, Mt Mikadzuki, S slope, 250 m alt., Ono & Kobayashi 79009 (MAK); Chichi-jima, enroute from the northern valley of Mt Akahatayama to Mt Tori-yama, 50-150 m alt., 6 May 1974, Ono, Kobayashi & Wakabayashi s.n. (MAK); Mei-jima, 24 Aug 1980, Ono, Kobayashi, Sugawara & Sugawara s.n. (MAK); (Bonin Islands), 1853-56, Wright s.n. (US). (Dowe, J.L.: A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae))A

Bibliography

    A. Dowe, J.L.: A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae)
    B. World Checklist of Arecaceae